Ibudilast(KC-404;AV-411;MN-166) is a relatively nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has been marketed for treating asthma.
Target: PDE
Ibudilast (3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine) is a nonselective inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE). The inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilatation by ibudilast may be due to synergistic elevation of intracellular cyclic nucleotides and release of nitric oxide (NO) or prostacyclin from endothelium, rather than direct inhibition of PDE5 or PDE3. Another important property of ibudilast is its antiinflammatory activity possibly associated with potent inhibition of PDE4. Combined with its relaxing effects on bronchial smooth muscle, antiinflammatory actvity of ibudilast could favorably influence pathophysiology of asthma by antagonizing chemical mediators triggering asthmatic attacks. Ibudilast (AV-411) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that is also known to suppress glial cell activation. Preclinical data indicate that ibudilast crosses the blood-brain barrier, is well tolerated, is active on oral administration, reduces glial activation and attenuates pain symptoms in diverse rat models of neuropathic pain. In addition, it enhances acute morphine analgesia and attenuates morphine tolerance and withdrawal. Thus ibudilast may improve opioid efficacy and is a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain, with a novel mechanism of action.

PDE
Milrinone
Mirodenafil
Nortadalafil
Oglemilast
Olprinone
PDE-9 inhibitor
Pentoxifylline
PF-04447943
PF-2545920
Pimobendan
Roflumilast